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Authors
Fang, Yuan
Zhang, Sufang
Zhu, Yongfu
Xu, Rongzhong
Fang, Zhihong
Ling, Li
Lv, Xiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (202340139)
Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education (2024xayx02)
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Article History
Received: 27 October 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Declarations
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: Not applicable. The study analyzed publicly available, de-identified datasets and did not require institutional review board approval. Not applicable. This study used only publicly available, de-identified data and involved no direct interaction with human participants.
: Not applicable. No individual-level identifiable data were collected or generated.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
