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Authors
Lou, Jienv
Xu, Jiahan
Mao, Dan
Zhao, Yiting
Ye, Fanghe
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Technology Plan Project (2024KY374)
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University (NDFRLS 2023−116) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of the Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, given the retrospective nature of this study and the use of de-identified patient data.
: All patient information was systematically deidentified prior to analysis to ensure confidentiality.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
