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Authors
Chen, Chunyuan
Liang, Zhu
Lin, Biyun
Liu, Shuhong
Wang, Qu
Xiong, Yinghuan
Zhang, Wei
Su, Wenmei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wu Jieping Medical Foundation,China (320.6750.2024-13-75)
Cohort Study Program of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (LCYJ2022DL003)
General Project of Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2022107)
Zhanjiang Competitive Science and Technology Project (2021A05076)
Clinical Research Program, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (LCYJ2018B001)
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Article History
Received: 26 October 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was conducted with all protocols approved by the ethics committees of Shanghai Xinchao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Ethics Code: SHYJS-CP-2206001) and Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Hospital (Ethics Code: KT2023-104-01). The research adhered to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.
: was obtained from all subjects or, if subjects are under 18, from a parent and/or legal guardian.(This part of the content has been uploaded in the Supplementary material).
: In the event that the patient is unable to sign, the signature of a legal representative is necessary. The relationship between the patient and the legal representative shall be elucidated. If the patient is unable to read or write, the signature of a disinterested witness is required. This part of the content has been uploaded in the Supplementary material.
: The Author confirms: (1) that the work described has not been published before; (2) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; (3) that its publication has been approved by all co-author; (4) that its publication has been approved (tacitly or explicitly) by there sponsible authorities at the institution where the work is carried out. The Author agrees to publication in the Journal Discover Oncology. The copyright to the English-language article is transferred to Discover Oncology effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full powerto make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, micro form, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
