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Authors
Wang, ZeMing
Zhang, YuFeng
Si, Jia
Chen, YuRong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province, China
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 19 March 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
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: The SEER database contains de-identified public data. This retrospective study used publicly available data without direct interaction with human subjects or access to private information, so institutional review board (IRB) review and ethical approval were not required. Data collection for the SEER database complies with ethical standards and applicable regulations. Not applicable. This study used de-identified SEER database data, and individual patient consent was not required for this analysis.
: Not applicable. This study used de-identified aggregate data from a public database. No identifiable individual information is included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
