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Article History

Received: 25 November 2025

Accepted: 3 April 2026

First Online: 15 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by The Ethics Committee of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and later versions.

: All patients provided written informed consent.

: In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.

: The authors declare no competing interests.