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Authors
Li, Chun
Sun, Tao
Yang, Zhen
Yin, Yalei
Zhang, Qing
Liu, Junqiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Dalian Municipal Health Commission (23Z11001)
the Education Project of Dalian Municipality (DLUXK-2025-QN-010)
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Article History
Received: 25 December 2025
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 16 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not required as this study used publicly available data.
: Patient consent was not applicable due to the use of de-identified data from public databases.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
