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Authors
Lu, Bingqi
Jing, Zhou
Wang, Fangyuan
Li, Minghe
Huo, Ao
Zhao, Chenglin
Zhao, Zhongyu
Wang, Qingyi
Li, Hao
Liang, Wulong
Hu, Weihua
Fu, Xudong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82303029)
Zhengzhou Science and Technology Innovation Project for Healthcare (2024YLZDJH027)
Science and Technology Department of Henan Province (232102311134)
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Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Approval No. KY2025054; approval date: 16 October 2025). Archived human glioma frozen tissue samples used in this study were originally collected under informed consent (or broad consent) from patients (or their legal guardians), allowing future use of residual specimens for research. All procedures involving human tissue were carried out in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments (or comparable ethical standards).
: Not applicable—no identifiable individual patient data are included in the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
