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Authors
Junling, Liu
Jiming, Chen
Wenjie, Wang
Yafeng, Zheng
Fang, Li
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Changzhou Municipal Health Commission Science and Technology Project (QN202363)
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Article History
Received: 7 September 2025
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Approval No. [2025] KY008-01, date: March 2025). All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Patient consent for participation was waived by the ethics committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University owing to the retrospective design of the study and the use of anonymized data.
: Not applicable, as this study did not include identifiable individual patient data and involved only anonymized retrospective analysis.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
