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Authors
Ma, Pengyi
Zhang, Feijuan
Ma, Pengchai
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (Approval No. IRB2025-YX-226-01). The committee waived the requirement for written informed consent to participate due to the retrospective nature of the study. Given the retrospective nature of this study, clinical trial registration was not applicable.
: Not applicable. The requirement for informed consent for publication was waived by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital because this was a retrospective study based on the analysis of anonymized clinical data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
