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Authors
Cao, Zhanqi
Su, Fan
Dun, Xinjie
Lu, Qiancheng
Xu, Haoran
Su, Pengyang
Xue, Zhongkai
Wang, Shibo
Yang, Xiuzhi
Xu, Hanlin
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Article History
Received: 28 November 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Declarations
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: All animal experiments were performed in accordance with institutional, national, and international guidelines, including the Basel Declaration, and were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (Approval No. QYFYWZLL30218). Mice used in this study were obtained from GemPharmatech (Jiangsu, P. R. China). Tumor monitoring and humane endpoints were applied throughout, and the institutional maximal tumor burden (1.5 cm in diameter or 10% of body weight) was not exceeded.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
