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Authors
Quan, Zhen
Wang, Tianyang
Liu, Dandan
Sun, Yinghao
Zhang, Baicheng
Niu, Fangfang
Xu, Jingjing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Haiyan Foundation of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital (No. JJZD2024-30)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82402531)
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Article History
Received: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The studies involving humans were approved by Ethics Review Committee of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital. (Approval No. KY2024-39). Given the retrospective nature of the study, the clinical cohort used in this analysis was from the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, informed consent was waived. All participants provided written informed consent prior to inclusion in the study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
