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Authors
Liang, Jiafeng
Zhu, Lucheng
Wu, Kan
Zhang, Minna
Tang, Yi
Pan, Kaicheng
Wang, Bing
Ma, Shenglin
Chen, Xueqin
Xia, Bing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Hangzhou Joint Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (HZQN26H160003)
the CAPTRA-Lung Research Funds (CAPTRALung2023002)
he Construction Fund of Key Medical Disciplines of Hangzhou (2025HZGF06)
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Article History
Received: 15 December 2025
Accepted: 4 June 2026
First Online: 24 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was approved by the institutional ethics board of Hangzhou Cancer Hospital (No.: HZCH-2024-236). Because the study is entirely retrospective, the ethics committee also waived the need for informed consent. Clinical trial number: not applicable. Individual informed consent for this retrospective analysis was waived by the institutional ethics board of Hangzhou Cancer Hospital (No.: HZCH-2024-236). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
