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Authors
Chen, Ke
Xu, Kaiqin
Ding, Yu
Yin, Hua
Feng, Zhifeng
Li, Lijie
Xu, Hao
Hu, Wangxiong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2287-9242
Wen, YuJie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
ingbo Leading Medical & Health Discipline-Anorectal Surgery (2022-B11, ZZX22230, and 046001852)
Social Development Project of Jinhua Science and Technology Bureau (2024-3-070)
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Article History
Received: 4 February 2026
Accepted: 18 June 2026
First Online: 22 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The need for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee due to this study was conducted using publicly available datasets and all data were anonymized without including identifiable private information. Not applicable. The data used in this study were publicly available and did not involve direct participation of individuals.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
