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Authors
Qiu, Zi-Han
Huang, Zhou
Shen, Dong-Xing
Zhu, Li
Huang, Xiao-Bo
Wang, Wei-Hu
Tie, Jian
Shen, Liang-Fang
Shi, Mei
Chen, Jia-Yi
Liu, Min
Cheng, Jing
Zhang, Jun
Fang, Hui
Jing, Hao
Song, Yong-Wen
Jin, Jing
Liu, Yue-Ping
Chen, Bo
Tang, Yuan
Qi, Shu-Nan
Lu, Ning-Ning
Zhai, Yi-Rui
Zhang, Wen-Wen
Liu, Xin
Li, Ye-Xiong
Tang, Yu
Wang, Shu-Lian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (2023ZD0502200)
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Article History
Received: 25 October 2025
Accepted: 7 July 2026
First Online: 17 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (approval number: 15–057/984). Given that this study is retrospective and all statistical data are anonymized, the Ethics Committee has agreed to waive the requirement for informed consent.
Patient and public involvement: Patients or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination plans of our research.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This study used anonymized retrospective data and does not contain any identifiable personal information.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
