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Authors
Yang, In Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9374-353X
Kim, Dong Ha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-0151
Lee, Kyung-Ha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0035-9000
Kim, Ji Yeon https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-5060
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Article History
Received: 11 February 2026
Accepted: 9 July 2026
First Online: 20 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Our study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB No.: 2025–02-049) of Chungnam National University Hospital. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments (or comparable ethical standards). The requirement for informed consent was waived owing to the retrospective design of the study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the manuscript preparation process: During the preparation of this work the authors used GPT for language editing/linguistic refinement. After using this tool/service: the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.
