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Article History

Received: 14 February 2026

Accepted: 27 July 2026

First Online: 28 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study involving human participants was performed in accordance with the Guidelines for the Construction of Ethical Review Committees for Human Clinical Research (2023 Edition) (jointly revised by the Office of the Medical Ethics Expert Committee of the National Health Commission and the Chinese Hospital Association, under the guidance of the Department of Science, Technology and Education of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University (approval No. YXYLL 2024-12). All patients provided written informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.

Consent for publication: Not applicable to this study.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.