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Authors
Li, Hongshi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4032-4580
Wang, Xiaozhou
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2026
Accepted: 5 August 2026
First Online: 8 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study exclusively used publicly available, de-identified genomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). No new human subjects were recruited, and no personally identifiable information was accessed. Under the institutional policy of Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital, secondary analysis of publicly archived de-identified data is exempt from formal ethical review (Reference: IRB Exemption Category 4 under Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital IRB oversight).
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
