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Authors
Xia, Jingyi
Li, Tongtong
Zhou, Shenzhen
Tian, Ke
Ding, Haofeng
Wang, Ruobing
Wang, Tian
Lin, Yaping
Yang, Ruoxin
Ren, Li
Zhang, Congli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0263-1434
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (202510367049)
the Key Health Research Project of Anhui Province (AHWJ2024Aa10058)
the Natural Science Key Foundation of the Education Department of Anhui Province (2025AHGXZK30675)
the Natural Science Key Foundation of the Education Department of Anhui Province (2024AH051250)
the Program of Training Action for Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Higher Education Institutions in Anhui Province (JNFX2024038)
the Bethune Public Welfare Foundation Project (bnmr-2024-008)
the Natural Science Program of Bengbu Medical University (2025jbgs049 and 2024byzd030)
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2026
Accepted: 10 August 2026
First Online: 14 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. This study utilized publicly available datasets from open-access databases, including the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Comprehensive Repository of Spatial Transcriptomics (CROST), GeneCards, and the ChEMBL database. No human participants or animal experiments were directly involved in this study; thus, formal ethics approval was not required. Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants or direct clinical interventions, and no primary human data were directly collected by the authors. All secondary single-cell, spatial, and bulk transcriptomic data were derived from publicly available repositories (GEO, TCGA, and CROST).
Consent for publication: Not applicable. No individual patient details, identifiable clinical images, or personal data are presented in this manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
