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Authors
Abatino, Antonio
Giordano, Caterina
Isdraele Romano, Lisa
Fiume, Giuseppe
Sarubbi, Maria Chiara
Malanga, Donatella
Amodeo, Antonio
Alba, Stefano
Piana, Alberto
Fiori, Cristian
Damiano, Rocco
Cantiello, Francesco
Crocerossa, Fabio
Cuda, Giovanni
Gallo, Raffaella
Aversa, Ilenia
Palmieri, Camillo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Regione Calabria (FESR-FSE 2014-2020 “SAGGIO PER IL DOSAGGIO DELLA PROTEINA PD-L1 IN CAMPIONI BIOLOGICI”,)
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2026
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 2 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study is a retrospective study and was approved by the Regional Ethical Review board of Regione Calabria (Ethics committee approval number: 84/2026; Clinical trial number: not applicable). The study was conducted in accordance with the Italian National regulations (Article 110 of Legislative Decree 196/2003 and its amendments, including Legislative Decree 19/2024), the Declaration of Helsinki, and EU Regulation 2016/679 (GDPR). The study used irreversibly anonymized surplus diagnostic material that could not be linked to identifiable individuals. All participants provided written informed consent authorizing the use of their anonymized biological material and associated clinical data for research purposes, at the time of sample collection.
Consent for publication: Informed consent for publication of identifying information and/or images was obtained from all patients.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
