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Authors
Guo, Dan
Zhu, Xiao-yan
Zhang, Yi-xuan
Guo, Rui-xue
Liu, Shu-yan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Discovery and Validation of Novel Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Combined Application Strategies——Zhangjiakou Key R&D Program (2421063D)
Research on the Construction and Application of Multimodal Theranostic Nanosystems for Tumor Treatment (JYT2021009)
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2026
Accepted: 26 August 2026
First Online: 29 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All data were obtained from public open databases, and no human participants, human tissues or private clinical data were involved in this study. Therefore, ethical approval was not required. Not applicable, because this study did not involve individual participants. All analytical methods and data processing procedures in this study were performed in strict accordance with the relevant guidelines and standard academic regulations.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
