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Authors
Luo, Fei
Wang, Ya-Shen
Zhang, Zhi-Hua
Li, Jian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Health Research Project (TJWJ2024MS019)
Tianjin Science and Technology Fund (22JCYBJC01500)
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Article History
Received: 1 April 2026
Accepted: 3 September 2026
First Online: 13 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Union Medical Center. All procedures involving human tissue samples were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to surgery. The use of TCGA and GEO public datasets was conducted in compliance with their respective access policies and publication guidelines. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to surgery.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. No individual patient data, photographs, or any other personally identifiable information are presented in this manuscript. The clinical samples were used exclusively for gene expression analysis and the results are reported in aggregate form only.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
