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Authors
Li, Rui
Shao, Anqi
Dou, Xiaohui
Yin, Fangxu
Ma, Wenyue
Ji, Fulong
Sun, Daqing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52225310)
Tianjin Medical University General Hospital Clinical Research Program (22ZYYLCCG06)
Major Public Health Project of Tianjin (25ZXWZSY00200)
Tianjin Key Science and Technology Project (24ZXZSSS00270)
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Article History
Received: 4 June 2026
Accepted: 10 September 2026
First Online: 8 October 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and to participate: This study involved only secondary analysis of publicly available, de-identified datasets. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not applicable.
Generative AI statement: The author(s) declared that generative AI was not used in the creation of this manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
