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Article History

Received: 28 June 2026

Accepted: 21 September 2026

First Online: 12 October 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. This study did not involve the recruitment of human participants, the use of identifiable human tissues, animal experiments, or any new experimental intervention. All analyses were based on publicly available, de-identified datasets from TCGA, GTEx, UCSC Xena Toil, GEO, and MSigDB. Formal ethics committee approval was therefore not required. This study used publicly available, de-identified datasets and did not involve direct participation of identifiable human participants, human tissues, or animal subjects. Informed consent to participate was therefore not required.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.