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Article History

Received: 27 October 2025

Accepted: 31 December 2025

First Online: 21 March 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Informed consent was obtained from all participants for being included in the study.

: This study was approved by the University of Michigan Health Sciences and Behavioral Sciences Institutional Review Board (IRB) (HUM00210267). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of Michigan’s IRB. Participants reviewed an online study information sheet and provided informed consent before accessing the web-based survey. Dynata sent a deidentified dataset to the study PI (J.S.R.).

: Charles Lee is a scientific advisor of Nabsys, LLC. Drew Blasco, Sarah McCain, Kunal Sanghavi, Wendy R. Uhlmann, Subhamoy Pal, J. Scott Roberts, Elizabeth Charnysh, Anya E.R. Prince, and Rebecca Ferber have no conflicts of interest to report.

: Elizabeth Charnysh, Betty Cohn, Nicole Crumpler, W. Gregory Feero, Rebecca Ferber, Veda N. Giri, Katherine Hendy, Amy Leader, Charles Lee, Debra Mathews, Sarah McCain, Alex McClellan, Anya E.R. Prince, J. Scott Roberts, Kerry Ryan, Kunal Sanghavi, Kayte Spector-Bagdady, Wendy R. Uhlmann, and Alyx Vogle.