Otsuka, Yasuhiro
Ishii, Masanobu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-9136
Ikebe, So
Tokai, Tatsuya
Nakamura, Taishi
Tsujita, Kenichi
Akashi, Naoyuki
Fujita, Hideo
Nakano, Yasuhiro
Matoba, Tetsuya
Kohro, Takahide
Oba, Yusuke
Kabutoya, Tomoyuki
Kario, Kazuomi
Imai, Yasushi
Kiyosue, Arihiro
Mizuno, Yoshiko
Nochioka, Kotaro
Nakayama, Masaharu
Iwai, Takamasa
Miyamoto, Yoshihiro
Sato, Hisahiko
Nagai, Ryozo
,
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kowa Company
Health Labour Sciences Research Grant (22FA1016)
Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program on Integrated Health Care System (JPJ012425)
Kumamoto University
Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Accepted: 27 May 2025
First Online: 9 June 2025
Declarations
:
: TM received research grants from Amgen and honoraria from Abbott Medical and Bayer. T Kabutoya received scholarship funding from Abbott Medical and the Joint Research Fund of Novartis Pharmaceutical. YI received honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo and Toa Eiyo, Japan. KK received research grants and honoraria from Sanwa Kagaku and Kenkyusho. AK received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and Sumitomo Pharma. YN received research grants and consultations from Bayer. KT received remuneration for lectures from Abbott Medical Co., Ltd., Amgen K.K., Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and TERUMO Co, Ltd.; trust research/joint research funds from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Bristol-Myers K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., MOCHIDA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., and PRA Health Sciences; received scholarship funds from Abbott Medical Co., Ltd., ITI Co.,Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Boston Scientific Japan K.K; and was affiliated with endowed departments at Abbott Japan Co., Ltd., Boston Scientific Japan K.K., Fides-one, Inc., GM Medical Co., Ltd., ITI Co., Ltd., Kaneka Medix Co., Ltd., NIPRO CORPORATION, TERUMO Co, Ltd., Philips Japan Ltd., Getinge Group Japan K.K., Orbusneich Medical K. K., Abbott Medical Co., Ltd., BIOTRONIK JAPAN, INC., Boston Scientific Japan K.K., Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd., Japan Lifeline Co., Ltd., Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., and NIPRO CORPORATION. HS reported stocks and stock options with precision. HF received consulting fees from Mehergen Group Holdings and honoraria from Novartis Pharma and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. RN received research grants from Novartis Pharma K.K. and honoraria for lecture from Kowa Company. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kumamoto University Hospital (Senshin-No. 2406) and each institutional ethics committee, and was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was waived from the requirement for individual informed consent because all data were anonymized by the participating institutions and were then collected in the CLIDAS database.