Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 12 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declaration
:
: This study did not receive any specific funding. Dr. Kondo received lecture fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, Bayer, Abbott Medical Japan, Biotronik Japan, Boston Scientific, Japan Lifeline, Medtronic, and research funds from Daiichi-Sankyo and Boston Scientific. Dr. Ryuzaki belongs to the endowed department from Medtronic Japan. Dr. Nakano belongs to the endowed department from Abbott Medical Japan, Biotronik Japan and Fukuda Denshi. Dr. Kobayashi received lecture fees from Abbott Medical Japan, Bayer Japan, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Daiichi-Sankyo, and scholarship funds from Takeda Pharmaceutical, Abbott Medical Japan, Terumo, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Astellas, Daiichi-Sankyo, Win International, Japan Lifeline, and Nipro. Dr. Kobayashi is the Editor-in-Chief of Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics.