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Article History

Received: 8 February 2026

Accepted: 18 April 2026

First Online: 16 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Dr Matoba has received lecture fees (Abbott, Bayer Yakuhin, and MSD) and research funding (Amgen, Bayer Yakuhin, and Kowa). Dr Kabutoya has received scholarship funding from Abbott. Dr Kario has received a research grant from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, Astellas Pharma, Eisai, Taisho Pharmaceutical, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Teijin Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Mochida Pharmaceutical; Consulting fees from Kyowa Kirin, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Mochida Pharmaceutical; Honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis Pharma, Mylan EPD; Participation in Advisory Board of Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis Pharma. Dr Kiyosue has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and Sumitomo Pharma. Dr Tsujita has received personal fees from Abbott Medical Co., Ltd., personal fees from Amgen K.K., personal fees from AstraZeneca K.K., personal fees from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., personal fees from Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., personal fees from Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., personal fees from Novartis Pharma K.K., personal fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., personal fees from Pfizer Japan Inc., personal fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., grants from PPD-Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories K.K., grants from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., grants from Abbott Medical Co., Ltd., grants from Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., grants from Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, grants from Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., grants from ITI Co.,Ltd., grants from ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., grants from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., grants from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., other from Abbott Japan Co., Ltd., other from Boston Scientific Japan K. K., other from Fides-one, Inc., other from GM Medical Co., Ltd., other from ITI Co.,Ltd., other from Kaneka Medix Co., Ltd., other from NIPRO CORPORATION, other from TERUMO Co, Ltd., other from Abbott Medical Co., Ltd., other from Boston Scientific Japan K.K., other from Cardinal Health Japan, other from Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd., other from Japan Lifeline Co.,Ltd., other from Medical Appliance Co., Ltd., other from Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., outside the submitted work. Dr Fujita has received scholarship funds from Abbott Vascular, speaking honoraria from Novartis and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and served as a consultant for Mehergen Group Holdings, Inc. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.