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Authors
Boettger, Priyanka https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0534-132X
Sedighi, Jamschid
Buerke, Michael
Braun, Tobias
Juenemann, Martin
Omar, Omar Alhaj
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
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Article History
Received: 14 September 2025
Revised: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: This prospective observational study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Medical Association of Westphalia-Lippe in Münster, Germany (file number 2015–091-f–S).
: Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all participants or, where applicable, from their legal representatives. Specifically, informed consent was obtained from legal representatives in cases where patients were unable to provide consent due to impaired consciousness or cognitive deficits at the time of admission. No vulnerable populations were included, and no coercive methods were used.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Medical Association of Westphalia-Lippe in Münster, Germany (file number 2015–091-f–S), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal representatives.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
