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Authors
Liu, Chaoying
Wang, Shengchun
Sun, Shujie
Dai, Peng
Wang, Liang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52272427)
the Technology Research and Development Program of China National Railway Group (Grant No. K2022T006)
and Development Plan of China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Ltd. (Grant No. 2023YJ027)
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Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Accepted: 3 April 2026
First Online: 16 May 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
