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Article History

Received: 2 November 2023

Accepted: 30 May 2026

First Online: 11 June 2026

Declarations

: All persons who meet authorship criteria are listed as authors, and all authors certify that they have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content, including participation in the concept, design, analysis, writing, or revision of the manuscript. Furthermore, each author certifies that this material or similar material has not been and will not be submitted to or published in any other publication before its submission to the Journal of the Knowledge Economy.

: We confirm that all research was performed in accordance with relevant guidelines/regulations applicable when human participants are involved.

: The authors declare that this research was conducted in compliance with ethical standards. No conflicts of interest are present, and no human participants were involved in the study.

: I confirm informed consent was obtained from all participants.

: No financial interests are directly or indirectly related to the article submitted for publication.