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Article History

Received: 5 April 2017

Accepted: 7 June 2017

First Online: 25 July 2017

Compliance with ethical standards

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: JK received conference registration fees from Biogen and financial research support from Krankheitsbezogenes Kompetenznetzwerk Multiple Sklerose (KKNMS), not related to this work. AUB served on the scientific advisory board for Biogen; received travel funding and/or speaker honoraria from Novartis and Biogen; has patents pending from Method and System for Optic Nerve Head Shape Quantification, perceptive visual computing based postural control analysis, multiple sclerosis biomarker, and perceptive sleep motion analysis; consulted for Nexus and Motognosis; and received research support from Novartis Pharma, Biogen Idec, BMWi, BMBF, and Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation. Go to Neurology.org/nn for full disclosure forms. The Article Processing Charge was funded by the authors. FP serves on the scientific advisory board for Novartis; received speaker honoraria and travel funding from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, Merck Serono, Alexion, Chugai, MedImmune, and Shire; is an academic editor for PLoS One, is an associate editor for Neurology® Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation; consulted for Sanofi-Genzyme, Biogen Idec, MedImmune, Shire, and Alexion; received research support from Bayer, Novartis, Biogen Idec, Teva, Sanofi-Aventis/Genzyme, Alexion, Merck Serono, German Research Council, Werth Stiftung of the City of Cologne, German Ministry of Education and Research, Arthur Arnstein Stiftung Berlin, EU FP7 Framework Program, Arthur Arnstein Foundation Berlin, Guthy Jackson Charitable Foundation, and National Multiple Sclerosis of the USA. MS states no conflicts of interest.

: This study was funded by NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence (DFG Exc 257), Neu2 funding, and EXIST program.