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Article History

Received: 2 June 2026

Accepted: 7 July 2026

First Online: 13 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval: All patients included in the study were informed about the purposes of the study and signed their “consent of the patient”. All investigations conformed to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval has been provided by responsible bodies in Germany (Ethical Commission of Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, protocol number 505/20 dated on November 11th, 2020) and Ukraine (Ethical Commission of the Clinical Hospital “Pheophania”, Kyiv, protocol number 10.1–12/101/1829/25 dated on May 30th, 2025).

Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the manuscript preparation process: During the preparation of this work, the authors used AI-assisted language-editing tools to support grammar, readability, and phrasing. After using these tools, the authors reviewed and edited the manuscript as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article. All scholarly decisions, including literature selection, evidence grading, interpretation, conclusions, references, and final content, were made and approved by the authors. AI-assisted tools were used only for language editing and readability refinement, not for literature selection, reference generation, evidence grading, figure generation, data interpretation, or scientific conclusions.

Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.O.G. is the Editor-in-Chief of the journal but was not involved in the peer-review process, did not influence it, and had no access to reviewer reports or editorial decisions related to this work.