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Authors
Chavula, Malizgani Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1189-7194
Habib, Batuli
Halwiindi, Hikabasa
Sichula, Noah Kenny
Zulu, Joseph Mumba
Munakampe, Margarate Nzala
Zyambo, Cosmus
Mweemba, Oliver
Mweemba, Mable
Simpungwe, Matildah Kakungu
Phiri, Henry
Kaonga, Patrick
Musonda, Patrick
Matovu, Joseph K. B.
Ngoma-Hazemba, Alice
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Global Fund through Ministry of Health Zambia
Umea University
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Article History
Accepted: 20 March 2025
First Online: 3 June 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (REF. 2460–202). We further sought permission from the Zambia National Health Research Authority (Ref No: NHRA 000010/10/02/2022). The Ministry of Health and Education also permitted us to conduct the study in their settings. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants before participation, and we ensured the confidentiality of the data obtained. For participants under the age of 18 years, we obtained information from their parents or legal guardians before conducting interviews.The COVID-19 guidelines included observing a 1-m distance, masking, and hand sanitization.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing and conflicting interests.
