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Authors
Ha, Pham Hoang https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4509-3880
Vong, Me Quoc https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0242-4281
Thai, Pham Quang https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8653-574X
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 6 December 2025
First Online: 15 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have not used gen-erative AI (a type of artificial intelligence technol-ogy that can produce various types of content in-cluding text, imagery, audio and synthetic data. Ex-amples include ChatGPT, NovelAI, Jasper AI, RytrAI, DALL-E, etc.) and AI-assisted technologies in thewriting process before submission.
: The authors declare that they have no competing in-terests.
