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Authors
Thammineedi, Subramanyeshwar Rao
Raju, Kalidindi Venkata Vijaya Narsimha
Patnaik, Sujith Chyau
Reddy, Pratap
Shukla, Srijan Sandesh
Rayani, Basanth Kumar
Naik, Vibhavari Milind
Nusrath, Syed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-5488
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Article History
Received: 19 June 2025
Accepted: 6 December 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Ethical Approval
: This study was conducted as a retrospective review of patients who underwent esophagectomy at our institution. All patient data were anonymized prior to analysis to ensure confidentiality and privacy. Given the retrospective nature of the study and the use of de-identified data, the Institutional Ethics Committee granted a waiver of individual patient consent. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee under reference IEC/2025/AC/34 , dated 15 May 2025 . All procedures were performed in strict accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with institutional and national guidelines for research involving human participants.
: The authors declare that they have no financial or non-financial competing interests related to this work.
