Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 April 2025

Revised: 25 June 2025

Accepted: 26 July 2025

First Online: 19 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: By agreeing to participate in this study, all authors and contributors acknowledge that: Awareness of Research Content. All authors have been fully informed of the study’s purpose, methodology, potential risks/benefits, and data handling procedures. Each author has reviewed and approved the final manuscript and confirms that the research complies with ethical guidelines. Voluntary Participation. Participation in this study is voluntary. Authors retain the right to withdraw their consent or discontinue involvement at any stage without penalty. Confidentiality. All data were obtained from publicly available sources with no privacy concerns. Ethical Compliance. All authors confirm that this study does not require ethical approval as it involves no human/animal participation, intervention, or private data. The research strictly follows academic integrity guidelines. Publication Consent. All authors consent to the publication of the research findings in academic journals or public forums and confirm that the work is original and free from plagiarism.

: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Dong Li, upon reasonable request.

: The authors declare no competing interests.