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Article History

Received: 23 July 2025

Accepted: 7 November 2025

First Online: 20 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest relevant to this research.

: This study involved human participants and adhered to all ethical standards of academic research. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were informed about the nature and purpose of the research, their rights to confidentiality, and their freedom to withdraw at any time without consequence.