Makhdoomi, Ahmad
Sarkhosh, Maryam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0255-9997
Dehghan, Ali Akbar
Ziaei, Somayyeh
Article History
Received: 17 May 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 1 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: This study, have ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Approval ID: IR.MUMS.FHMPM.REC.1402.162).
: This research represents the culmination of a master’s thesis in environmental health engineering, conducted as research project code 4020961, with financial support provided by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.