Rashid, Farhan Lafta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7609-6585
Al-Obaidi, Mudhar A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1713-4860
Al Maimuri, Najah M. L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7752-4182
Abdalrahem, Mushtaq K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-2197
Eleiwi, Muhammad Asmail https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1038-7486
Homod, Raad Z. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-7539
Ameen, Arman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8349-6659
Kadhim, Saif Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0359-5022
Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-4349
Hammoodi, Karrar A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-864X
Bouabidi, Abdallah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-9346
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Gävle
Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.