Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 March 2025

Accepted: 23 November 2025

First Online: 1 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. On behalf of all the co-authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

: In this study, we adhered to the principles of respecting and safeguarding the rights and privacy of participants. All individuals involved in the research were provided with a comprehensive explanation of the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits, either orally or in writing. This study did not involve any human participants and/or animals.

: Informed consent was obtained prior to participation. Participants were explicitly informed that their involvement is voluntary and they retain the right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.