Abushagur, Abdulfatah A. G.
Mokhtar, Mohd Ridzuan
Yusoff, Zulfadzli
Ibrahim, Siti Azlida
Bakar, Ahmad Ashrif A.
Franzen, Andre
Funding for this research was provided by:
Petronas Research SDN BHD (MMUE/220016)
Petronas Research SDN BHD (MMUE/220016)
Petronas Research SDN BHD (MMUE/220016)
Petronas Research SDN BHD (MMUE/220016)
Petronas Research SDN BHD (MMUE/220016)
Multimedia University (MMUI/240045)
Multimedia University (MMUI/240045)
Multimedia University (MMUI/240045)
Multimedia University (MMUI/240045)
Multimedia University (MMUI/240045)
Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.