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Authors
Ahmed, Md. Shakil https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3073-7524
Hasan, M. Mahadi
Alam, Md. Shamim
Billah, Masum
Rashid, Abdur
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Article History
Received: 13 August 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The Institutional Animal, Medical Ethics, Bio-Safety, and Bio-Security Committee (IAMEBBC) of the Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, approved this study (approval memo no. 38/320/(47)IAMEBBC/IBSc) for conducting experiments involving animals, humans, microbes, and living natural sources.
