Document is current

Article History

Received: 3 August 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 3 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Mr. Graham is a graduate student at the University of Louisville and an employee of Medtronic in the mechanical circulatory support (MCS) division; however, this affiliation is not related to the work presented in this manuscript. Dr. Roussel is faculty at the University of Louisville. Dr. Koenig is an investigator on a Athey Science Education and Outreach Grant, NIH grant (R01HL150346), NSF EPSCoR grant, and a now-completed NIH grant (R43NS115226, Bionet Sonar) all unrelated to this project. Drs. Koenig and Slaughter are investigators on a NIH grant (R44HL144214) with Inspired Therapeutics unrelated to this project. Drs. Koenig and Slaughter were investigators on the following on now-completed NIH grants and subcontracts all unrelated to this project: R43HL142385 (MAST), R43HL152894 (MAST), R43HL142337 (Cor Habere), R43HL152774 (RT Cardiac Systems), R43HLI44214 (Inspired Therapeutics), R43HL152767 (Bionet Sonar), R43HL149451 (Bionet Sonar), subcontract with CoRISMA MCS Systems Inc. Dr. Slaughter is a consultant with CoRISMA MCS Systems Inc. and Magenta Medical and is on the advisory board of Medtronic. Dr. Slaughter is the Editor-in-Chief of ASAIO Journal

: The authors support diversity and agree that increasing diversity awareness is important. However, we decline to provide a citation diversity statement, as we cannot reliably or appropriately infer authors' gender, race, ethnicity, or other features based on their name.