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Authors
Darwish, Roba https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7369-509X
Abdelmoty, Alia I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2031-4413
Turner, Liam D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-5289
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2025
Revised: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 25 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no Conflict of interest.
: This study utilised publicly available data collected through the X API, including both text posts and audio replays of Spaces. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the School of Computer Science and Informatics Research Ethics Committee at Cardiff University (COMSC/Ethics/2023/114). As the data analysed was publicly available and did not involve direct interaction with human subjects or the collection of private identifiable information beyond what was publicly disclosed, individual informed consent was not directly sought from participants.
