de Boer, Joop https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7458-7148
Aiking, Harry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9174-2899
Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Revised: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 1 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) did not make use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies.
: The paper does not involve new human participants, but publicly available data collected at the request of the European Commission. The work was carried out by Kantar, an international market research company based in London, England. Kantar has extensive ethical procedures. It is committed to the ICC/ESOMAR International Code on Market, Opinion and Social Research and Data Analytics.