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Article History

Received: 6 May 2025

Revised: 27 October 2025

Accepted: 18 February 2026

First Online: 14 March 2026

Declarations

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: We hereby declare the following involvement of the authors: The Stockholm Resilience Centre is a knowledge partner to the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), and Beatrice Crona has been key liaison between the organizations, coordinating the academic feedback on TNFD’s process and outputs. Stephen Polasky contributes to the Natural Capital Project, based at Stanford and has provided scientific advice to multiple development banks and financial institutions across the world, particularly in China. Véronique Blum has been a member of the EFRAG Academic Panel, established in 2017. EFRAG is a private association established in 2001 with the encouragement of the European Commission to serve the public interest. In 2022, its mission was extended to provide technical advice to the European Commission in the form of draft European Sustainability Reporting Standards and/or draft amendments to these standards. Maxime Mathon is a member of a French RegTech company, aiming to help businesses combine performance with environmental and social responsibility. He is also the founder of Ascend, a CSRD compliance consultant.