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Article History

Received: 28 February 2024

Accepted: 14 March 2024

First Online: 4 April 2024

Declarations

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: Janet B McGill has received research support from the NIH, Helmsley foundation, JDRF, Novo Nordisk, and Beta Bionics. JBM has received consulting fees from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim Lilly, Mannkind, Novo Nordisk, and Thermo Fisher outside of this work. Irl B Hirsch reports grant support from Dexcom, Tandem, and Mannkind; and consulting fees from Abbott Diabetes Care, Roche, Hagar, and Vertex. Christopher G Parkin has received consulting fees from Abbott Diabetes Care, CeQur, Dexcom, Embecta, GWave, LifeScan, Insulet, Tandem, Mannkind, Roche Diabetes Care, and Provention bio. Grazia Aleppo has received research support to Northwestern University from Astra-Zeneca, Dexcom, Eli-Lilly, Emmes, Fractyl Health, Insulet, MannKind, Novo Nordisk, Tandem Diabetes Care, and WellDoc; and consulting fees from Eli -Lilly, Dexcom, and Insulet outside of this work. Carol J Levy has received research support by the NIDDK and Helmsley Foundation and industry support paid to the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai from Abbott Diabetes, Dexcom, Insulet, Novo Nordisk, Senseonics; and Tandem; and consulting fees from Eli-Lilly and Dexcom outside of this work. James R. Gavin, III, has served on advisory boards and/or speaker bureaus for Abbott Diabetes Care, Novo Nordisk, Medtronic, and Boehringer Ingelheim.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.