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Article History

Received: 19 April 2024

Accepted: 31 May 2024

First Online: 18 July 2024

Declarations

:

: Subodh Verma holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Cardiovascular Surgery and received research grants and/or speaking honoraria from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group, Eli Lilly, HLS Therapeutics, Janssen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, PhaseBio, S & L Solutions Event Management Inc and Sanofi. He is the President of the Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group, a federally incorporated not-for-profit physician organization. Lawrence A. Leiter has received research funding from, has provided CME on behalf of and/or has acted as an adviser to Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, HLS, Kowa, Lexicon, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi and Servier. Kamal K. Mangla, Nick F. Nielsen and Yasemin Hansen are employees and shareholders of Novo Nordisk A/S. Kamal K. Mangla has changed his affiliation from ‘Novo Nordisk A/S, Soborg, Denmark’ to ‘Novo Nordisk Service Center India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, India’. Marc P. Bonaca is the Executive Director of CPC, a non-profit academic research organization affiliated with the University of Colorado, that receives or has received research grant/consulting funding between August 2021 and the present from: Abbott Laboratories, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Alexion Pharma, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Amgen Inc., Angionetics, Inc., Anthos Therapeutics, ARCA Biopharma, Inc., Array BioPharma, Inc., AstraZeneca and Affiliates, Atentiv LLC, Audentes Therapeutics, Inc., Bayer and Affiliates, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Better Therapeutics, Inc., Boston Clinical Research Institute, Bristol-Meyers Squibb Company, Cambrian Biopharma, Inc., Cardiol Therapeutics Inc., CellResearch Corp., Cleerly Inc., Cook Regentec LLC, CSL Behring LLC, Eidos Therapeutics, Inc., EP Trading Co. Ltd., EPG Communication Holdings Ltd., Epizon Pharma, Inc., Esperion Therapeutics, Inc., Everly Well, Inc., Exicon Consulting Pvt. Ltd., Faraday Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Foresee Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Fortress Biotech, Inc., HDL Therapeutics Inc., HeartFlow Inc., Hummingbird Bioscience, Insmed Inc., Ionis Pharmaceuticals, IQVIA Inc., Janssen and Affiliates, Kowa Research Institute, Inc., Kyushu University, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medimmune Ltd., Medpace, Merck & Affiliates, Nectero Medical Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp., Novo Nordisk, Inc., Osiris Therapeutics Inc., Pfizer Inc., PhaseBio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., PPD Development, LP, Prairie Education and Research Cooperative, Prothena Biosciences Limited, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Regio Biosciences, Inc., Saint Luke’s Hospital of Kansas City, Sanifit Therapeutics S.A., Sanofi-Aventis Groupe, Silence Therapeutics PLC, Smith & Nephew plc, Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stealth BioTherapeutics Inc., State of Colorado CCPD Grant, The Brigham & Women's Hospital, Inc., The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Thrombosis Research Institute, University of Colorado, University of Pittsburgh, VarmX, Virta Health Corporation, Worldwide Clinical Trials Inc., WraSer, LLC, and Yale Cardiovascular Research Group. MB reported receiving support from the AHA SFRN under award numbers 18SFRN3390085 (BWH-DH SFRN Center) and 18SFRN33960262 (BWH-DH Clinical Project). He also reported modest stock holdings in Medtronic and Pfizer, and receiving consulting fees from Audentes.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.