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Article History

Received: 28 March 2025

Accepted: 22 May 2025

First Online: 20 June 2025

Declarations

:

: Paolo Di Bartolo has served as a consultant or advisory board member for AstraZeneca, Boehringher Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, and has also received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Abbott Diagnostic, Mundipharna and Sanofi. Antonio Nicolucci received research funding from AlfaSigma, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Theras, Shionogi and SOBI. All other authors (Matteo Bruglia, Francesca Cardini, Raffaella Di Luzio, Stefania Fiorini, Antonella Guberti, Silvia Haddoub, Valentina Lo Preiato, Alessandra Luberto, Francesca Lugli, Massimiliano Maiello, Elisa Manicardi, Marco Marcello Marcellini, Marcello Monesi, Francesca Pellicano, Daniela Piani, Rosa Maria Trianni and Anna Vacirca) have no conflicts of interest.

: In Italy, the activities of ethics committees are regulated by Legislative Decree of May 14, 2019, No. 52, which implements EU Regulation 536/2014 on clinical trials and defines the scope within which ethics committee evaluation is mandatory. It applies exclusively to studies involving medicinal products or medical devices and to experimental or observational research involving human subjects. Since our project is a simple opinion survey, is addressed to healthcare professionals, is completely anonymous, does not involve the collection of clinical, health-related, or identifiable personal data, does not involve patients or medical interventions, then it is not classified as “research involving human subjects” under current regulations and does not require ethics committee approval.