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Authors
Lee, Clare J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0824-0207
Bergman, Brandon K. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3668-7686
Gou, Ray https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4261-8123
Williamson, Suzanne https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2461-1919
Boye, Kristina S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5953-5929
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eli Lilly and Company
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 16 September 2025
Declarations
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: Clare J. Lee, Brandon K. Bergman, Ray Gou and Kristina S. Boye are full-time employees and minor stockholders of Eli Lilly and Company. Suzanne Williamson works as a consultant for Eli Lilly and Company.
: This was a secondary research study conducted using data from the publicly available deidentified NHANES database; therefore, neither institutional review board review nor formal participant consent to release (or publish) information was required. Ethical approval for the NHANES study was obtained from the NCHS Research Ethics Review Board (NHANES–NCHS Research Ethics Review Board Approval; ). No additional ethical consent was necessary for the secondary data analyses in this study. This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments.
